Which factor primarily affects sedimentation levels in a reservoir?

The primary factor that affects sedimentation levels in a reservoir is the concentration of suspended particles in the inflow water. When water flows into a reservoir, it often carries with it a variety of materials, such as soil, sand, and organic matter. The amount and type of these suspended particles directly influence how much sediment settles at the bottom of the reservoir.

High levels of suspended particles lead to increased sedimentation, as these particles frequently find their way to the bottom when the water velocity decreases as it enters the reservoir. Factors like water temperature, rainfall patterns, or proximity to agricultural land do have some influence; however, they are more indirect in their effects on sedimentation. For instance, while rainfall can affect the amount of water entering the reservoir and potentially increase runoff, it is ultimately the quantity of suspended particles carried by that water that most significantly dictates sedimentation levels.